Mono-crystalline cells are manufactured using a single silicon crystal. And Since they are manufactured from high-quality silicon crystals, they have high efficiency, better low light performance, and a long life span. Polycrystalline (Poly), as the name suggests, is made from melting many silicon crystals. They are easy to manufacture, economical, and produce less wastage.
However, quick changes in solar module manufacturing procedures are starting to limit this cost advantage that poly modules enjoyed over their mono counterparts. Mono PERC module is the latest innovation and can currently be used as mono-crystalline and polycrystalline cells. Conventionally, solar cells include an emitter layer on the front surface and a black coating on the rear side.